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High definition surveying-also referred to as laser scanning-is used in a number of industries where the details of physical objects or spaces are crucial to manufacturing or judging the best construction, excavation or mining procedures, to name a few. Although commonly mentioned in relation to the engineering and construction industries, high definition surveying has also found a home with companies and organizations that specialize in preserving cultural heritage in the form of sculpture, painting, architecture, parks, etc.
One example of laser scanning used for cultural preservation can be seen in the 1999 scanning of Michelangelo’s statues by a Stanford University research group. The group scanned Michelangelo’s statues in Florence, most notably the David, the Prigioni and Michelangelo’s four statues in the Medici Chapel. Using a laser triangulation scanner, the group produced a data point density that was detailed enough to reveal Michelangelo’s chisel marks. From a preservation standpoint, the value of such detailed surface readings is that the data can be used for restoring certain parts of sculpture to their original form years later. In addition, 3D Laser scanning can also be used to gather spatial data for the reproduction of the David, for example, in the form of tourist trinkets or statuettes.
Another example of high definition surveying used for cultural preservation can be found in the recent decision to scan the sculpted portion of Mount Rushmore and the terrain of the park below. As with the scanning of Michelangelo’s sculptures, the data collected from mount Rushmore will allow preservationists to ensure its originality down to the smallest detail. In a similar move, Mount Rushmore’s underlying park will be scanned to ensure both the preservation of its original terrain design and the quality of statues and monuments that occur throughout the park.
A third example of high definition surveying used for cultural preservation is the 2005 five scanning of the Plastico di Roma antica-a model of Rome that was created in the last century-by Gabriele Guidi, et al. In this case, both triangulation and time of flight scanning methods alone proved insufficient for recording the subject’s large size and its minute details. Therefore, a modulated light scanner was used to scan the bulk of the model while the triangulation method was used to scan some of its details, offering a perfect example of how more than one laser surveying method can be used for the same project. Titled, “3D digitization of a large model of Imperial Rome”, Guidi and his assistants’ work was presented at the Fifth International Conference on 3-D Digital Imaging and Modeling, 2005.
In addition to its use in the construction and engineering industries, high definition surveying is also used for the preservation of cultural heritage. Using 3D laser surveying, cultural preservationists can record minute details of large sculptures and other objects, as well as the original terrain of landscapes and parks.
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